Nowadays, the Global Politics is
undergoing significant change. In the context of international relation, there
seems to have emerged a New Landscape, which doesn't cause major changes in the
international landscape. However, those changes are embedded in huge changes of
global politics. Globalization is one of the changes which should be taken
thoroughly into account. Globalization, in this context, is somehow the outcome
of market-related actors to enhance and maintain its market position. To reach
this goal, things are to be produced: new technologies, new tool for capital market,
commodification of asset and so on.
Besides, taking a perfunctory glance at
the term “Inter-National” and “Transnational” is somehow similar, but these two
terms are different. “Inter-National” means any actions or activities existing,
operating, or done between states. On the other hand, “Transnational” refers to
actions or activities between actors in different states by passing the
government, but there is not any government’s involvement.
Governance is a common feature or
interaction at all levels of government and somehow between institution at
these level as well. Thus, the state power and control are very significant,
and it must have interacting among different type of level. As a result, there
are three type of displacement of sate power and control. The first one is moving
downward which focuses on regions, localities and community. The second is
moving outward, which deals with NGOs, corporatization, and privatization. The
third level is moving upward, which focuses on emerging role of international
actors and organizations.
The Moving Downward: At this point, it’s
very important for the state to decentralize its power and control effectively
and adequately to the local institution. By doing this, the local departments
can decide things independently without spending time to ask for approval from
the central government. In this case of state-local decentralization could
probably give the communities more influence on financial responsibility and
also it does encourage people to get more involved with their neighborhood.
The Moving Out: This type of power
displacement refers to the moving of power and capabilities previously or
traditionally owned by the state to institutions and organizations. This can
contribute significant advantages for the state towards her people. By doing
this, some organizations can fulfill some necessary tasks which the state will
surely implement, so it can reduce the state-budget expenditure. Moreover,
privatization should be also taken for granted. By privatizing some companies
or services, the state can obtain an amount of money in case that state is
really in need of money to help its reducing its debts. Meanwhile, it also
helps to promote democracy because the state won’t control everything, and this
action encourages people to do the investment as well.
The Moving Upward: This type deals with
the emerging role of international organization. These international
organizations are playing very important role in the international stage which
state should also be part of it. State dares to surrender part of its power and
sovereignty to such transnational body in a number of policy sections, which
aims at the state’s interest. Being part of ASEAN member states is a very good choice for Cambodia because it
can use the name of ASEAN to have strong voices in the international state, but
it also does have some problems related to the country decision making.
From my own perspective and in the
Cambodian context, I think that moving upward and moving outward, Cambodian
government is doing a good job. However, the moving downward, Cambodian
government is very hesitating to diffuse power and control towards her local
and communal institutions and the local communities have to ask for every decision
and approval from the central government. To me, it seems weird and frustrated
as one of the citizens.
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